OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH PAPER

Thesis statement:

If a specie was artificially introduced to one area that it has never been existed before, and has the capacity to develop into a certain number without human intervention so that becomes a threat to the local biological diversity, this is a specie that what we called invasive specie. Whether a invasive specie will do good or bad to our planet is always a debatable issue. In my opinion, no matter what advantage it can bring to us, we should consider the serious consequences of biological invasive.

The current situation of biological invasion.
According to statistics, United States loses 150 billion U.S. dollars each year due to biological invasion and the invasive caused direct economic losses is as high as 57.4 billion yuan a year to chinese forestry industry. The invasion of alien species make a great impact on to the socio-economic,ecological environment and human health.
biological invasion would lead to a serious economic losses.
example: Emerald Ash Borer and glabripennis
Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic beetle that was discovered in southeastern Michigan near Detroit in the summer of 2002. The adult beetles nibble on ash foliage but cause little damage. The larvae (the immature stage) feed on the inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree's ability to transport water and nutrients. Emerald ash borer probably arrived in the United States on solid wood packing material carried in cargo ships or airplanes originating in its native Asia. Emerald ash borer is also established in Windsor, Ontario, was found in Ohio in 2003, northern Indiana in 2004, northern Illinois and Maryland in 2006, western Pennsylvania and West Virginia in 2007, Wisconsin, Missouri and Virginia in summer 2008, and Minnesota and New York in the spring of 2009. Since its discovery, EAB has:

* Killed tens of millions of ash trees in southeastern Michigan alone, with tens of millions more lost in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
* Caused regulatory agencies and the USDA to enforce quarantines (Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) and fines to prevent potentially infested ash trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas where EAB occurs.
* Cost municipalities, property owners, nursery operators and forest products industries tens of millions of dollars.

3.biological invasion would make a severe ecological damage and biological contamination.
example:Water hyacinth in china
Biological invasion will have a big impact on human health.
example:SARS
Many of the most feared human diseases are invasive species, including smallpox, HIV/AIDS, and “bird flu.” In the U.S., human and monetary cost from non-indigenous diseases has been especially high for influenza and AIDS. Other significant non-indigenous diseases include syphilis and cholera. In the U.S., there are currently about 53,000 cases of syphilis reported each year, and the cost just to treat newborn children (who contract the disease from infected mothers) was estimated to be over $18 million. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) reports that about 36,000 Americans die from influenza and related secondary infections each year.



5. Technical Measures to Combat Biological Invasions
A.clear all the species
B.Use comprehensive ecological assessment and monitoring to prevent the invasion of exotic species
C.chemical methods